Stands on a hillside a short distance away from the left bank of the River Foglia, just before the river curves away out of the Montefeltro territories.
The sturdy isolated medieval tower of Torre Cotogna, clearly visible on the top of a nearby hill and once used as a observation and signalling post, is the only remaining evidence to show that Montecalvo in Foglia (and neighbouring Tavoleto) stood on the very border between the lands of Montefeltro and the coastal territories ruled by the Malatesta family and later by the Sforzas. Its position on the hilly divide between the Foglia and Conca valleys also made it the site of conflict and battles between the Marche and Romagna regions. Nothing remains of the ancient town, apart from its Latin name of (Mons calvus), meaning "bare hill", due to its clay terrain. In fact, the area is almost totally devoid of vegetation. In the 13^th Century it belonged to the Bishop of Fossombrone before being annexed into the future territory of the Dukes of Urbino in 1460. There it remained until the Duchy passed to the Church in 1631.
The modern village of Ca' Gallo, which stands along the bank of the River Foglia, also forms part of the Montecalvo in Foglia district, while on the other side of the river is the village of Borgo Massano.